成都市典型流域抗生素分布特征及生态风险评价
Distribution Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessment of Antibiotics in Typical River Basins of Chengdu
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摘要: 本文选取特大城市成都市为研究区域，在该市选择受人类活动、农业种植及畜禽养殖污染影响较为突出的几个流域作为研究对象，采用固相萃取(SPE)-高效液相色谱串联质谱法(HPLC-MS)测定了研究流域地表水中16种磺胺及8种大环内酯共24种抗生素残留，并通过风险商(RQ)法对11种磺胺和5种大环内酯抗生素进行生态风险评价。结果表明，24种抗生素在所有点位均有检出，检出率范围为38.71%～100%，总体浓度范围为0.01～3 249 ng·L-1。其中检出率最高的是磺胺甲恶唑和磺胺甲氧嘧啶，均为100%，其次是磺胺二甲氧嘧啶和磺胺吡啶，为96.77%。整体上看，磺胺类抗生素在锦江流域浓度水平最高，为324.9 ng·L-1，其次为蒲江河流域，为165.0 ng·L-1；大环内酯类抗生素在西江河流域浓度水平最高，为3 249 ng·L-1，其次是锦江流域，为1 029 ng·L-1。生态风险评估结果表明，磺胺甲恶唑和红霉素在研究流域中的RQ均>0.1，处于中风险及以上水平，阿奇霉素仅在西江河流域表现为中风险，其余抗生素在研究流域中均表现为低风险。研究流域中抗生素生态风险程度依次为西江河＞锦江＞毗河＞蒲江河＞濛阳河。Abstract: This paper selected the megacity of Chengdu as the research area; in this city, several watersheds, generally more prominently affected by human activities, agricultural planting, and poultry breeding pollution, were picked out as the research objects. A total of 24 antibiotic residues, including 16 sulfonamides and 8 macrolides, were determined in the surface water of the study watersheds using the solid-phase extraction (SPE) and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) methods. Moreover, the ecological risk assessment of 11 sulfonamides and 5 macrolide antibiotics was also carried out through the risk quotient (RQ) method. Results showed that the 24 antibiotics were detected at all sites, the detection rate ranged from 38.71% to 100%, and the overall concentration ranged from 0.01 to 3 249 ng·L-1. Among them, the highest detection rate was sulfamethoxazole and sulfadiazine, which were 100%, followed by sulfadimethoxine and sulfapyridine, 96.77%. Overall, the concentration of sulfonamides in the Jinjiang River watershed was the highest, which was at 324.9 ng·L-1, followed by the Pujiang River watershed at 165.0 ng·L-1; the highest concentration of macrolide antibiotics was in the Xijiang River watershed, which was at 3 249 ng·L-1, followed by the Jinjiang River watershed at 1 029 ng·L-1. The ecological risk assessment results showed that the risk quotients (RQs) of sulfamethoxazole and erythromycin in the study watersheds were all more than 0.1, which was at the medium risk level and above. Azithromycin was only at medium risk in the Xijiang River watershed, and the other antibiotics in the study watersheds were all at low risk. The ecological risk degree of antibiotics in the study watersheds was Xijiang River > Jinjiang River > Pi River > Pujiang River > Mengyang River.
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