防污漆活性物质敌草隆和辣椒素对大型溞的急性和慢性毒性效应
Acute and Chronic Toxicity to Daphnia magna of Diuron and Capsaicin Used in Antifouling Paints
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摘要: 敌草隆是一种典型的常用防污漆活性物质，辣椒素是一种新型的天然防污漆活性物质。为比较两者对水生甲壳动物的急性和慢性毒性，以大型溞（Daphnia magna）为受试生物，通过急性毒性实验和慢性毒性实验，研究敌草隆和辣椒素对大型溞的致死性和对其初次生殖时间、总生殖胎数、体长和产幼溞数量等生物学指标的影响，建立浓度-效应关系，筛选最敏感的生物学指标。急性毒性实验结果表明，敌草隆对大型溞活动抑制的48 h半数效应浓度（EC50）为17.1 mg·L-1，辣椒素对大型溞的48 h-EC50为12.4 mg·L-1。慢性毒性实验结果表明，所有被观察的生物学指标均呈现显著的毒性响应，大型溞各项生物学指标对敌草隆的敏感性依次为幼溞数量 > 初次生殖时间 > 体长 > 总生殖胎数，大型溞各项生物学指标对辣椒素敏感性依次为幼溞数量 > 体长 > 总生殖胎数 > 初次生殖时间。计算敌草隆对大型溞繁殖抑制的21 d-EC10为0.830 mg·L-1，辣椒素对大型溞繁殖抑制的21 d-EC10为1.63 mg·L-1。辣椒素具有快速生物降解性，对大型溞繁殖抑制的EC10>1 mg·L-1，根据《化学品分类和标签规范第28部分：对水生环境的危害》（GB 30000.28-2013）分类要求，可认为辣椒素没有长期水生危害，体现了较好的环境友好性潜力。Abstract: Diuron is a biocidal active substance commonly and typically used in antifouling paints, and capsaicin is a new-type of natural products used for antifouling paints. To evaluate acute and chronic toxicity of diuron and capsaicin on aquatic organism, Daphnia magna was selected as a model test organism. Based on the toxicity effects on fatality, time of the first reproduction, number of brood per female, body length, number of total offspring in acute and chronic test, a dose-response relationship was established and the most sensitive biological indices were proposed. The acute toxicity test showed that the 48 h-EC50 of diuron to Daphnia magna was 17.1 mg·L-1, the 48 h-EC50 of capsaicin to Daphnia magna was 12.4 mg·L-1. The chronic toxicity test showed that there were signifi-cant effects on all observed biological indices. The sensitive biological indices for diuron from strong to weak were number of total offspring > time of the first reproduction > body length > number of brood per female, and the sensitive biological indices for capsaicin from strong to weak were number of total offspring > body length > number of brood per female > time of the first reproduction. Based on the number of total offspring, the 21 d-EC10 of diuron was calculated to be 0.830 mg·L-1, the 21d-EC10 of capsaicin was 1.63 mg·L-1. Capsaicin was readily biodegradable and its EC10 of reproduction to Daphnia magna was greater than 1 mg·L-1. According to the "Rules for Classification and Labeling of Chemicals-Part 28:Hazardous to the Aquatic Environment" (GB 30000.28-2013), capsaicin can be considered to have low chronic risk for aquatic environment and an environment-friendly potential.
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Key words:
- diuron /
- capsaicin /
- Daphnia magna /
- acute toxicity /
- chronic toxicity /
- environmentally friendly
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