常见微塑料对水中镉离子和铅离子的吸附：吸附能力和吸附机制
Adsorption of Typical Microplastics Towards Cd2+ and Pb2+ in Water: Adsorption Capacity and Mechanism
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摘要: 复合污染水环境中共存的新污染物微塑料和重金属可能发生吸附相互作用，进而改变二者的环境行为和风险。对微塑料吸附共存重金属的能力和机制研究有助于准确评估其环境风险。因此，本研究选择了3种成分结构差异较大的微塑料(5～10 μm)聚乙烯(polyethylene, PE)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(polyethylene terephthalate, PET)和聚酰胺-6 (polyamide-6, PA-6)，研究其对水中Cd2+和Pb2+的吸附。吸附实验结果表明，相同条件下，3种微塑料对Pb2+的吸附能力均强于对Cd2+的；对同种金属离子的吸附能力顺序为PE>PET>PA-6。金属离子在吸附位点分布不均匀的微塑料异质表面发生的多层吸附可分为快速吸附、缓慢吸附和吸附平衡3个阶段。吸附中静电作用和配位作用是主要吸附机制，PE和PET发生了离子交换吸附，而PA-6发生了相互作用更强的化学吸附。吸附机制的差异可能导致3种微塑料对共存金属离子的生物有效性、在生物体内蓄积性等的影响不同。相关研究结果可为进一步分析吸附对二者环境行为和生态毒性的影响提供理论依据。Abstract: Adsorption may occur between emerging pollutants of microplastics and heavy metals in the compound polluted waters, and then change their environmental behavior and risk. Studies on the adsorption capacity and mechanisms of microplastics to the coexisting heavy metals will be helpful to accurately assess their environmental risk. Therefore, three microplastics (5~10 μm) with distinct structure, polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyamid-6 (PA-6), were selected to study their adsorption towards Cd2+ and Pb2+ in water. The results of adsorption experiments showed that the adsorption capacity of the three microplastics to Pb2+ was stronger than that to Cd2+ under the same condition. The order of adsorption capacity for the same metal ion was PE>PET>PA-6. The multilayer adsorption of metal ions on the heterogeneous surface of microplastics with uneven distribution of adsorption sites can be divided into three stages: Rapid adsorption, slow adsorption and adsorption equilibrium. Electrostatic and coordination interaction are the main adsorption mechanisms. PE and PET undergo ion-exchange adsorption, while PA-6 undergo chemical adsorption with stronger interaction. The different adsorption mechanisms may lead to the distinct effects of the three microplastics on the bioavailability and bioaccumulation of coexisting metal ions. The results can provide a theoretical basis for further analysis of the effects of adsorption on environmental behavior and ecotoxicity.
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Key words:
- microplastics /
- heavy metals /
- adsorption capacity /
- adsorption mechanism
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