欧美日化学物质环境排放场景体系对比及启示(上)

王蕾, 汪贞, 古文, 范德玲, 周林军, 刘济宁, 石利利. 欧美日化学物质环境排放场景体系对比及启示(上)[J]. 生态毒理学报, 2021, 16(6): 26-36. doi: 10.7524/AJE.1673-5897.20210728001
引用本文: 王蕾, 汪贞, 古文, 范德玲, 周林军, 刘济宁, 石利利. 欧美日化学物质环境排放场景体系对比及启示(上)[J]. 生态毒理学报, 2021, 16(6): 26-36. doi: 10.7524/AJE.1673-5897.20210728001
Wang Lei, Wang Zhen, Gu Wen, Fan Deling, Zhou Linjun, Liu Jining, Shi Lili. Comparative Study and Enlightenment on Chemical Environmental Emission Scenarios in Europe, America and Japan (Part 1)[J]. Asian journal of ecotoxicology, 2021, 16(6): 26-36. doi: 10.7524/AJE.1673-5897.20210728001
Citation: Wang Lei, Wang Zhen, Gu Wen, Fan Deling, Zhou Linjun, Liu Jining, Shi Lili. Comparative Study and Enlightenment on Chemical Environmental Emission Scenarios in Europe, America and Japan (Part 1)[J]. Asian journal of ecotoxicology, 2021, 16(6): 26-36. doi: 10.7524/AJE.1673-5897.20210728001

欧美日化学物质环境排放场景体系对比及启示(上)

    作者简介: 王蕾(1983-),女,博士研究生,研究方向为化学品环境风险评估,E-mail:wanglei@nies.org
    通讯作者: 周林军, E-mail: zhoulj@nies.org 石利利, E-mail: sll@nies.org
  • 基金项目:

    国家重点研发计划课题(2018YFC1801502)

  • 中图分类号: X171.5

Comparative Study and Enlightenment on Chemical Environmental Emission Scenarios in Europe, America and Japan (Part 1)

    Corresponding authors: Zhou Linjun, zhoulj@nies.org ;  Shi Lili, sll@nies.org
  • Fund Project:
  • 摘要: 化学物质源排放评估是环境风险评估的首要步骤,环境排放场景作为源排放评估的重要技术工具,已在欧美日等发达国家和地区广泛应用。本文结合化学物质环境风险评估技术相关要求,系统解析了欧美日化学物质环境排放场景框架,深入阐述了基于排放场景的源排放评估方法。在整个技术体系方面,欧美是化学品环境排放评估的先行者,相应的技术和模型更加丰富,评估结果更趋精细化;日本则在欧盟的基础上采取相对简化的保守评估方法,缺少高层级的精细化排放评估模型。在具体排放评估技术方面,基于模型的排放评估场景是各国重点发展和依托的手段。借鉴发达国家成功经验,建立并完善排放评估场景体系必将成为我国化学物质环境风险管理的重要内容。
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  • European Chemicals Bureau (ECB). Technical Guidance Document on Risk Assessment. In Support of Commission Directive 93/67/EEC on Risk Assessment for New Notified Substances, Commission Directive (EC) No 1488/94 on Risk Assessment for Existing Substances, Directive 98/8/EC of the European Parliament and of Council Concerning the Placing of Biocidal Products on the Market. Part Ⅱ[S]. Ispra:Institute for Health and Consumer Protection/European Chemicals Bureau, 2003
    U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Exposure Assessment Tools by Approaches[EB/OL](2020-11-12)[2021-07-25]. https://www.epa.gov/expobox/exposure-assessment-tools-approaches
    U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Exposure Assessment Tools by Approaches:Direct Measurement (Point-of-Contact Measurement)[EB/OL](2020-11-12)[2021-07-25]. https://www.epa.gov/expobox/exposure-assessment-tools-approaches-direct-measurement-point-contact-measurement
    Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Guidance Document on Emission Scenario Documents. OECD Series on Emission Scenario Documents, No.1[S]. Paris:Environment Directorate Joint Meeting of the Chemicals Committee and the Working Party on Chemicals, Pesticides and Biotechnology/OECD, 2000
    European Chemicals Bureau (ECB). Technical Guidance Document on Risk Assessment. In Support of Commission Directive 93/67/EEC on Risk Assessment for New Notified Substances, Commission Directive (EC) No 1488/94 on Risk Assessment for Existing Substances, Directive 98/8/EC of the European Parliament and of Council Concerning the Placing of Biocidal Products on the Market. Part Ⅰ[S]. Ispra:Institute for Health and Consumer Protection/European Chemicals Bureau, 2003
    European Chemicals Bureau (ECB). Technical Guidance Document on Risk Assessment. In Support of Commission Directive 93/67/EEC on Risk Assessment for New Notified Substances, Commission Directive (EC) No 1488/94 on Risk Assessment for Existing Substances, Directive 98/8/EC of the European Parliament and of Council Concerning the Placing of Biocidal Products on the Market. Part Ⅲ[S]. Ispra:Institute for Health and Consumer Protection/European Chemicals Bureau, 2003
    European Chemicals Bureau (ECB). Technical Guidance Document on Risk Assessment. In Support of Commission Directive 93/67/EEC on Risk Assessment for New Notified Substances, Commission Directive (EC) No 1488/94 on Risk Assessment for Existing Substances, Directive 98/8/EC of the European Parliament and of Council Concerning the Placing of Biocidal Products on the Market. Part Ⅳ[S]. Ispra:Institute for Health and Consumer Protection/European Chemicals Bureau, 2003
    European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment, Chapter R12:Use description[S]. Helsinki:European Chemicals Agency, 2015
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    European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment, Chapter R18:Exposure Scenario Building and Environmental Release Estimation for the Waste Life Stage[S]. Helsinki:European Chemicals Agency, 2012
    Toet C, de Nijs A C M, Vermeire T G, et al. Risk Assessment of New Chemical Substances; System Realisation and ValidationⅡ[S]. Bilthoven:National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 1991
    Vermeire T G, van Iersel A A J, de Leeuw F A A M, et al. Initial assessment of the hazards and risks of new chemicals to man and the environment[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 1993, 134:1597-1615
    Van de Meent D, Toet C (eds.). Dutch Priority Setting System for Existing Chemicals:A Systematic Approach for Ranking Chemicals According to Increasing Estimated Hazards[S]. Bilthoven:National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 1992
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  • 收稿日期:  2021-07-28
王蕾, 汪贞, 古文, 范德玲, 周林军, 刘济宁, 石利利. 欧美日化学物质环境排放场景体系对比及启示(上)[J]. 生态毒理学报, 2021, 16(6): 26-36. doi: 10.7524/AJE.1673-5897.20210728001
引用本文: 王蕾, 汪贞, 古文, 范德玲, 周林军, 刘济宁, 石利利. 欧美日化学物质环境排放场景体系对比及启示(上)[J]. 生态毒理学报, 2021, 16(6): 26-36. doi: 10.7524/AJE.1673-5897.20210728001
Wang Lei, Wang Zhen, Gu Wen, Fan Deling, Zhou Linjun, Liu Jining, Shi Lili. Comparative Study and Enlightenment on Chemical Environmental Emission Scenarios in Europe, America and Japan (Part 1)[J]. Asian journal of ecotoxicology, 2021, 16(6): 26-36. doi: 10.7524/AJE.1673-5897.20210728001
Citation: Wang Lei, Wang Zhen, Gu Wen, Fan Deling, Zhou Linjun, Liu Jining, Shi Lili. Comparative Study and Enlightenment on Chemical Environmental Emission Scenarios in Europe, America and Japan (Part 1)[J]. Asian journal of ecotoxicology, 2021, 16(6): 26-36. doi: 10.7524/AJE.1673-5897.20210728001

欧美日化学物质环境排放场景体系对比及启示(上)

    通讯作者: 周林军, E-mail: zhoulj@nies.org ;  石利利, E-mail: sll@nies.org
    作者简介: 王蕾(1983-),女,博士研究生,研究方向为化学品环境风险评估,E-mail:wanglei@nies.org
  • 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所, 南京 210042
基金项目:

国家重点研发计划课题(2018YFC1801502)

摘要: 化学物质源排放评估是环境风险评估的首要步骤,环境排放场景作为源排放评估的重要技术工具,已在欧美日等发达国家和地区广泛应用。本文结合化学物质环境风险评估技术相关要求,系统解析了欧美日化学物质环境排放场景框架,深入阐述了基于排放场景的源排放评估方法。在整个技术体系方面,欧美是化学品环境排放评估的先行者,相应的技术和模型更加丰富,评估结果更趋精细化;日本则在欧盟的基础上采取相对简化的保守评估方法,缺少高层级的精细化排放评估模型。在具体排放评估技术方面,基于模型的排放评估场景是各国重点发展和依托的手段。借鉴发达国家成功经验,建立并完善排放评估场景体系必将成为我国化学物质环境风险管理的重要内容。

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