基于商值法的镧水生态风险评价方法研究及应用
Ecological Risk Assessment of Lanthanum in Water Based on Risk Quotient
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摘要: 随着我国稀土资源开发和利用，稀土元素对水生生态环境的影响及其生态风险越来越受关注。本文以稀土镧的通用敏感生物急性半致死/效应浓度(half lethal/effect concentration,L (E) C50)和慢性无观察效应浓度(no observed effect concentration,NOEC)数据，分别采用评价因子法和物种敏感度分布法(species sensitivity distribution,SSD)推导计算了镧的预测无效应浓度(predicted no effect concentration,PNEC)，比较不同数据类型和计算方法的结果差异及不确定性，并以四川安宁河为例进行了水生态风险表征。采用评价因子法推导的急性和慢性PNEC分别为1.180 μg·L-1和4.000 μg·L-1。由急性数据拟合SSD曲线推导的PNEC为42.770 μg·L-1，通过急慢性比(acute to chronic ratio,ACR)转换的PNEC为2.032 μg·L-1。在慢性数据缺乏的情况下，ACR-SSD是相对可行的方法。安宁河镧的水生态风险评价结果表明，所有调查断面均处于中等以上生态风险，其稀土污染问题应引起重视。Abstract: Rare earth elements (REE) are increasingly being used in agriculture and high technology materials worldwide. Massive exploitation and use of REEs have inevitably led to their large-scale releasing into aquatic ecosystems, resulting in various environmental issues. In this study, we collected the acute toxicity data (half lethal/effect concentration, L(E)C50) and chronic toxicity data (no observed effect concentration, NOEC) of lanthanum to calculate predicted no effect concentration (PNEC). The results were compared between the assessment factor method and species sensitive distribution method (SSD). The uncertainties of the data and methods were discussed. The Anning River in Sichuan Province was selected as a case study. The ecological risks of river water were characterized by risk quotient. The results showed that the acute and chronic PNEC derived by the assessment factor method were 1.180 μg·L-1 and 4.000 μg·L-1, respectively. The PNEC derived by SSD method based on the acute toxicity data of L(E)C50 was 42.770 μg·L-1, while it was 2.032 μg·L-1 calculating with an acute to chronic ratio (ACR). The ACR-SSD method was relatively feasible when the chronic toxicology data size is far from the requirements for SSD construction. Assessment of lanthanum toxicity in Anning River found that risk quotient (RQ) values were significantly higher than 0.1, indicating that the adverse effects of lanthanum should be not ignored.
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Key words:
- lanthanum /
- acute and chronic toxicity /
- ecological risk /
- PNEC
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