绍兴茶园小流域的3种农药生态风险评价
Ecological Risk Assessment of Three Pesticides in Small Watershed of Shaoxing Tea Plantation
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摘要: 虫螨腈、联苯菊酯和溴氰菊酯是茶叶生产中较为常见的3种杀虫剂，但其对茶园小流域内生态环境影响的相关研究较少。为评价其生态风险，选取我国浙江绍兴茶园小流域内主要溪流及湖库采集水体样品，采用气相色谱-质谱法对样品中3种农药进行残留检测；基于美国生态毒理数据库(ECOTOX)收集了3种农药对我国常见水生生物的毒性数据，利用BITSSD软件平台构建了物种敏感度分布(species sensitivity distribution,SSD)曲线，结合研究区实测数据开展3种农药对绍兴茶园小流域的生态风险评价研究。结果表明：(1)无脊椎动物和节肢动物对3种农药的敏感度高于鱼类，营养级越高其敏感度越低；(2)根据SSD模拟结果，为保护该流域95%的物种，联苯菊酯和溴氰菊酯浓度需<0.001 μg·L-1，虫螨腈为0.4 μg·L-1；(3)农药喷施后，虫螨腈、溴氰菊酯和联苯菊酯在茶园溪流中的残留浓度最高分别影响22%、50%和66%的物种，联苯菊酯是生态风险的主要贡献者，但在喷施1个月后，茶园流域水溪及河湖水环境中的农药残留基本均未检出。这说明3种农药施用对茶园小流域物种的影响较小，所带来的生态风险尚在可控范围之内。Abstract: Chlorfenapyr, bifenthrin and deltamethrin are three insecticides commonly used in tea plantation, but studies on their effects on the eco-environment in small watershed of tea plantation are scarce. In order to evaluate the ecological risks, water samples were collected from the main streams and lakes in the watershed of tea plantation of Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, China. The residues of three pesticides in the samples were measured by Gas Chromatography-Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer. The toxicity data of three pesticides to common aquatic organisms in China were collected from the ECOTOX. The BITSSD software platform was used to construct species sensitivity distribution (SSD) curve. Using the residual data measured in the study area, the ecological risk assessment of the three pesticides on the small watershed of Shaoxing tea plantation was carried out. The results showed that:(1) The sensitivity of invertebrates and arthropods to the three pesticides was higher than that of fish, and the lower the trophic level, the higher the sensitivity; (2) According to the results of SSD simulation, the thresholds of bifenthrin and deltamethrin should be less than 0.001 μg·L-1 and 0.4 μg·L-1 for chlorfenapyr in order to protect 95% of the species in the watershed; (3) After pesticide spraying, the residue concentrations of chlorfenapyr, deltamethrin and bifenthrin in the streams of tea garden affected 22%, 50% and 66% of the species, respectively. Bifenthrin was the main contributor to ecological risk. However, one month after pesticide spraying, the pesticide residues in water samples of the river and lake around the tea plantation were not detected, indicating that the pesticide residues were quite low which could hardly produce eminent impact to the local biota of the watersheds, thus the ecological risks brought by the three pesticide residues around the tea plantation are generally in control.
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Key words:
- pesticides /
- tea plantation /
- small watershed /
- the species sensitivity distribution /
- ecological risk
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