2022 Volume 17 Issue 4
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Shi Yao, Wang Ying, Li Yao, Yu Meifeng, Dong Zhaomin, Fan Wenhong. Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Personal Care Products and Titanium Health Risk Assessment to Adult Consumers[J]. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology, 2022, 17(4): 533-544. doi: 10.7524/AJE.1673-5897.20220131001
Citation: Shi Yao, Wang Ying, Li Yao, Yu Meifeng, Dong Zhaomin, Fan Wenhong. Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Personal Care Products and Titanium Health Risk Assessment to Adult Consumers[J]. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology, 2022, 17(4): 533-544. doi: 10.7524/AJE.1673-5897.20220131001
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Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Personal Care Products and Titanium Health Risk Assessment to Adult Consumers

  • 1. School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 102206, China;

  • 2. School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

  • Corresponding author: Fan Wenhong, fanwh@buaa.edu.cn
  • Received Date: 31/01/2022
    Fund Project:
  • With its whiteness and shading properties, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) is widely used in personal care products (PCPs) as whitening agent and sun screening agent. The use of TiO2 NPs in PCPs raised concern about its impact on human health. Previous studies have shown that the exposure or intake of TiO2 NPs may lead to health risks to human digestive tract, cardiovascular system and nervous system. Therefore, whether different kinds of PCPs containing TiO2 NPs have potential health risks has become a hot spot in the field of environmental toxicology. In current study, 23 kinds of PCPs available on Chinese online or offline market were selected, including 9 kinds of toothpaste, 10 sunscreen products, 2 facial cleaner products, and 2 facial masks, and the content of TiO2 NPs was detected. The content of Ti in PCPs varied greatly, ranged from 16.8 to 14 264.2 mg·kg-1 (base on Ti mass), and not detected in one toothpaste and two sunscreen products. In some toothpastes and cleaner products, the Ti content weren't consistent with that labeled on the package. It indicates that the related government department should further strengthen the management of commodity labeling, especially for the nanomaterials. The health risk of Ti in different PCPs to adult consumers was evaluated using the human health risk assessment method, which was recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). The hazard quotient (HQ) of Ti in toothpastes, sunscreen, cleaner, and mask products was 1.75×10-5~9.30×10-2. The HQ of Ti in the above PCPs samples was far less than 1, indicating that the risk is low and could be ignored. The particle size distribution of TiO2 in some products was analyzed using single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (spICP-MS). Most products contained TiO2 NPs, but the size distribution was different between the samples according to the result of statistical analysis, in which the standard deviation was 0.046~0.105 nm. And the maximum frequency particle size and the average particle size between the PCPs also had a big difference (75~250 nm). However, the content of Ti in some sunscreen samples was high while TiO2 NPs was not detected using spICP-MS. This showed that the analytical method for TiO2 NPs size distribution using spICP-MS need to be further explored. The research provides fundamental data on the content and particle size distribution of TiO2 as well as the health risk of TiO2 NPs in PCPs. It also provides supporting information for the usage and management of TiO2 NPs.
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Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Personal Care Products and Titanium Health Risk Assessment to Adult Consumers

  • Received Date: 31/01/2022
Fund Project:

Abstract: With its whiteness and shading properties, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) is widely used in personal care products (PCPs) as whitening agent and sun screening agent. The use of TiO2 NPs in PCPs raised concern about its impact on human health. Previous studies have shown that the exposure or intake of TiO2 NPs may lead to health risks to human digestive tract, cardiovascular system and nervous system. Therefore, whether different kinds of PCPs containing TiO2 NPs have potential health risks has become a hot spot in the field of environmental toxicology. In current study, 23 kinds of PCPs available on Chinese online or offline market were selected, including 9 kinds of toothpaste, 10 sunscreen products, 2 facial cleaner products, and 2 facial masks, and the content of TiO2 NPs was detected. The content of Ti in PCPs varied greatly, ranged from 16.8 to 14 264.2 mg·kg-1 (base on Ti mass), and not detected in one toothpaste and two sunscreen products. In some toothpastes and cleaner products, the Ti content weren't consistent with that labeled on the package. It indicates that the related government department should further strengthen the management of commodity labeling, especially for the nanomaterials. The health risk of Ti in different PCPs to adult consumers was evaluated using the human health risk assessment method, which was recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). The hazard quotient (HQ) of Ti in toothpastes, sunscreen, cleaner, and mask products was 1.75×10-5~9.30×10-2. The HQ of Ti in the above PCPs samples was far less than 1, indicating that the risk is low and could be ignored. The particle size distribution of TiO2 in some products was analyzed using single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (spICP-MS). Most products contained TiO2 NPs, but the size distribution was different between the samples according to the result of statistical analysis, in which the standard deviation was 0.046~0.105 nm. And the maximum frequency particle size and the average particle size between the PCPs also had a big difference (75~250 nm). However, the content of Ti in some sunscreen samples was high while TiO2 NPs was not detected using spICP-MS. This showed that the analytical method for TiO2 NPs size distribution using spICP-MS need to be further explored. The research provides fundamental data on the content and particle size distribution of TiO2 as well as the health risk of TiO2 NPs in PCPs. It also provides supporting information for the usage and management of TiO2 NPs.

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