抗菌消费品中纳米银含量调查及银的健康风险评价
Contents of Nanosilver in Commercially Antimicrobial Products and Silver Health Risk Assessment to Adult Consumers
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摘要: 纳米银(AgNP)因具有良好的抗菌特性被广泛应用于日常消费品中，人体主要通过皮肤接触或口服等方式暴露于AgNP。为了评价这些抗菌消费品中银对成人的非致癌暴露风险，对市面10种日常抗菌消费品中AgNP和总银含量进行了调查，并采用美国环保局推荐的皮肤和口部暴露途径的健康风险评估模型来评价含银抗菌消费品引起的皮肤及口部非致癌暴露风险。调查结果表明：4种液态抗菌消费品中检测出AgNP，含量为0.79～57.89 mg·L-1，占其总银含量的8.8%～99.1%。其他厂家标注含有AgNP的抗菌消费品中则未检测出AgNP。风险评价结果显示，大多数抗菌消费品的银风险熵为3.6×10-4～6.8×10-1，其中经皮肤暴露的银非致癌风险熵为1.0×10-3～6.8×10-1，经口暴露的银风险熵为3.6×-4～6.0×10-3，对人体健康不会产生显著风险；然而，其中1种抗菌消费品中银的风险熵上限为0.86，接近于1，存在潜在的非致癌风险。Abstract: Due to the unique antimicrobial properties, nanosilver (AgNP) are being widely applied in consumer products, and may pose a potential risk to human via dermal or oral exposure. The contents of AgNP in ten different product types in the Chinese markets were investigated. The non-carcinogenic health risk of silver in antimicrobial products to adults was assessed by dermal absorbed dose and oral ingestion models proposed by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Four products were identified to have notable levels of AgNP, ranging from 0.79 to 57.89 mg·L-1, and AgNP accounted for 8.8%-99.1% of total silver in these products. In contrast, AgNP was not detected in other products, although these products were claimed to contain AgNP according to the manufactural menu. The risk index of silver ranged from 3.6×10-4 to 6.8×10-1 for most consumer products, indicating that silver in these products did not pose a significant non-carcinogenic risk to human. Among these consumer products containing AgNP, the risk index was 1.0×10-3-6.8×10-1 via dermal exposure, compared to 3.6×10-4-6.0×10-3 via oral exposure. However, one consumer product had a maximum risk index of 0.86, which indicated a potential non-carcinogenic risk.
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Key words:
- antimicrobial products /
- nanosilver /
- total silver /
- risk assessment
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