羟基多氯联苯在小鼠体内的蓄积及迁移特征
Accumulation and Migration Characteristics of Hydroxylated Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Mice
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摘要: 羟基多氯联苯(hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls, OH-PCBs)作为多氯联苯(polychlorinated biphenyls, PCBs)在生物体内的主要代谢产物之一，能够通过食物链传递在高等动物体内产生蓄积并对其生命健康造成危害。本研究旨在探索OH-PCBs通过水产品摄食途径暴露后，在模式生物体内的蓄积和迁移规律。以鲫鱼为水产品代表，以小鼠为研究对象，向鲫鱼可食性组织添加3-OH-PCB101和4-OH-PCB101的混合标准溶液(1 000 ng·mL-1)制作加标饲料，并以小鼠每日摄食总量的10%对其进行投喂。分别在暴露实验的第12、24、72和168小时解剖取样，并收集粪便。检测结果显示，2种OH-PCB101在胃、肠等消化组织器官的浓度高于其他组织并能随着粪便排出，且倾向于在含血量较高的组织(如心、肺和脾)中蓄积。OH-PCB101在各组织中的蓄积量由高到低依次为大肠>胃>小肠>脾≈肺>心>肝>肾>血液≈脑>肌肉≈睾丸。同时发现在脑、心、肺、肝、肾、性腺、肌肉等组织样品中，4-OH-PCB101的蓄积浓度始终高于3-OH-PCB101。这表明，虽然通过水产品摄入的OH-PCB101主要通过粪便排出体外，然而在脑、心、肺、肝、胃和脾等11个组织及血液中均产生蓄积，并且2种OH-PCB101可能由于结构不同导致其在各组织中的蓄积量存在差异。本研究有助于揭示OH-PCBs通过摄食暴露后在生物体内的蓄积分布及排泄等归趋问题，同时表明在环境及生物体中蓄积的OH-PCBs等二代持久性污染物对人体健康仍存在潜在威胁。Abstract: As one of the main metabolites of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs) can be retained in animals through the food chain and cause harm to their health. The aim of this study was to investigate the accumulation and migration of OH-PCBs in model organism after exposure through the aquatic product feeding route. Carassius auratus was taken as the representative of edible aquatic products, and mice were taken as the research object. The mixed standard solution of 3-OH-PCB101 and 4-OH-PCB101 (1 000 ng·mL-1) was added to the edible tissues of Carassius auratus to prepare mouse feed for exposure. The exposure feed that mice were fed with accounted for 10% of their total daily food intake. Dissecting samples were taken at 12, 24, 72 and 168 h of the exposure experiment, and feces were collected. The results showed that the concentrations of both types of OH-PCB101 were higher in digestive tissues and organs (e.g., stomach, intestine) than in other tissues and could be excreted with feces, and tended to accumulate in blood-rich tissues (e.g., heart, lung, spleen). The concentration of OH-PCB101 in each tissue in descending order was: large intestine > stomach > small intestine > spleen ≈ lung > heart > liver > kidney > blood ≈ brain > muscle ≈ testis. At the same time, it was found that the concentration of 4-OH-PCB101 was higher than 3-OH-PCB101 in tissues of brain, heart, lung, liver, kidney, gonad, muscle and so on. This experiment indicates that although OH-PCB101 exposed through aquatic product intake were mainly excreted with feces, accumulation was produced in 11 tissues including brain, heart, lung, liver, stomach and spleen. The accumulation of the two kinds of OH-PCB101 in various tissues may be different due to their different structures. The present study is helpful to reveal the fate of OH-PCBs in organisms exposed through ingestion. It also indicates that OH-PCBs accumulated in environmental organisms still pose a potential threat to human health.
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