安乃近代谢产物4-乙酰氨基安替比林的水生急性毒性研究
Study of Aquatic Acute Toxicity of Metamizole Metabolites 4-Acetamidoantipyrine
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摘要: 在地表水中检出高浓度的安乃近代谢产物4-乙酰氨基安替比林（4-AAA），但目前缺乏对4-AAA的生态毒性研究，故无法评价其生态风险。采用经济合作与发展组织（OECD）标准测试方法，研究4-AAA对藻、大型溞和鱼的急性毒性效应。结果表明，在1 500 mg·L-1（配制浓度）4-AAA的暴露条件下，近头状伪蹄形藻（Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata）的生长并没有受到明显抑制效应；稀有鮈鲫（Gobiocypris rarus）没有发现死亡现象。这表明，藻类生长量和生长率的72 h无可观察效应浓度（NOEC）均≥ 1 502 mg·L-1（实测浓度），96 h鱼类急性毒性的半致死浓度（LC50）≥ 1 532 mg·L-1（实测浓度）。当大型溞（Daphnia magna）暴露于一系列不同浓度4-AAA（188、375、750、1 500和3 000 mg·L-1），24 h后发现750 mg·L-1的暴露组开始出现运动抑制现象；最高浓度组中，80%大型溞的运动能力明显受到抑制。48 h后抑制效应增加，750 mg·L-1暴露组中，40%的大型溞活动能力受到抑制；最高浓度组仅20%大型溞活动能力保持正常。这表明，高浓度4-AAA对大型溞的活动能力具有一定的抑制作用。统计分析结果表明，24 h和48 h大型溞活动能力的抑制效应达一半的浓度（EC50）分别为1 538 mg·L-1（1 217~2 017 mg·L-1）和1 041 mg·L-1（834~1 304 mg·L-1）。根据全球化学品统一分类和标签制度（GHS）分类，4-AAA的水生急性毒性不归类。尽管地表水中检出高浓度（3 675 ng·L-1）的4-AAA，但最高风险商值仅为3.53×10-3，风险较低。Abstract: 4-acetamidoantipyrine (4-AAA), as a metabolite of metamizole, was detected with high level in surface water. However, no research about aquatic ecotoxicity has been reported so its ecological risk couldn't be assessed. At present, the acute aquatic ecotoxicity of 4-AAA for alga, daphnia and fish were investigated according to Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) standardized methods. The growth inhibition of Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and death of Gobiocypris rarus was not observed when exposed to 1 500 mg·L-1 4-AAA (nominal concentration) solution. Therefore, 72 h no observed effect concentration (NOEC) for the grow rate and yield of Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was not less than 1 502 mg·L-1 (measured concentration), and 96 h median lethal concentration (LC50) for Gobiocypris rarus was not less than 1 532 mg·L-1 (measured concentration). When Daphnia magna was exposed to a series concentrations of 4-AAA of 188, 375, 750, 1 500 and 3 000 mg·L-1, the capability of mobility of Daphnia magna was inhibited in the treatment group of 750 mg·L-1 4-AAA, and 80% of Daphnia magna was inhibited in the maximum concentration treatment group after 24 h. 40% of Daphnia magna was inhibited in the treatment group of 750 mg·L-1 4-AAA, and only 20% daphnia was on normal mobility in the maximum concentration treatment group after 48 h. It is indicated that some slight toxicity for Daphnia magna when exposed to high level of 4-AAA. The statistical analysis showed that 24 h 50% effect concentration (EC50) and 48 h-EC50 were 1 538 mg·L-1 (1 217~2 017 mg·L-1) and 1 041 mg·L-1 (834~1 304 mg·L-1), respectively. According to the Globally Harmonized System (GHS), the aquatic toxicity of 4-AAA need not be classified. Although high levels of 4-AAA (3 675 ng·L-1) were detected in surface water, the ecological risk was negligible since the maximum risk value is 3.53×10-3.
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