摘要:
积累在沉积物中的外源化合物会对底栖生物产生危害。本研究以泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)和霍甫水丝蚓(Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri)为受试生物，研究了沉积物中代表性多环芳烃类物质芘(pyrene)对这2种生物的急/慢性毒性效应。芘对泥鳅96 h的半数致死浓度LC50、平衡受损效应浓度EC10和EC50分别为548.9、63.1、254.8 mg·kg-1干重，21 d的LC50为4.6 mg·kg-1。沉积物中芘会导致泥鳅活动异常、泥鳅体色加深、抑制泥鳅生长。芘对霍甫水丝蚓28 d的LC50、自断效应浓度EC10和EC50分别为>1 000、5.1、85.4 mg·kg-1。芘也会抑制霍甫水丝蚓的生长，引起霍甫水丝蚓挖掘深度变浅、挖掘长度变短、挖掘密度变小，导致霍甫水丝蚓产生沉积物回避行为，降低霍甫水丝蚓筑巢密度和大小。霍甫水丝蚓的挖掘、沉积物回避和筑巢等行为产生不同程度的影响。泥鳅对芘的毒害响应较霍甫水丝蚓更加敏感。研究结果丰富了我国本土底栖生物毒性效应数据，为沉积物质量基准的制定奠定了基础。
关键词:
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芘
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沉积物
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泥鳅
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霍甫水丝蚓
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毒性效应
Abstract:
The xenobiotics accumulating in sediments may pose hazardous effects to benthos. In this study, the acute and chronic toxic effects of pyrene in sediments on Misgurnus anguillicaudatus and Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri were assessed. For Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, the median lethal concentration (LC50), 10% and median effect concentration (EC10, EC50) of unbalance in 96 h experiment were 548.9, 63.1, 254.8 mg·kg-1, respectively. In 21 d experiment, the LC50 was 4.6 mg·kg-1. Meanwhile, it showed that pyrene affected the activity, deepened the body color and inhibited the growth of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus. For Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, in 28 d experiment, the LC50, EC10 and EC50 of autotomy were >1 000, 5.1, 85.4 mg·kg-1, respectively. Pyrene might also change the behaviors, such as digging, sediment avoidance and nesting, of Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri in different degrees. According to the results, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus is more sensitive than Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri to pyrene in sediments. This paper provides important toxicity data by standard sediment toxicity tests using native benthic organisms in China, which lays the foundation for deriving the sediment quality criteria.
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