应用模式生物检测饮用水源颗粒物的毒性效应
Toxic Effects of Different Sized Particles on Model Organisms in Drinking Water
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摘要: 悬浮颗粒物在自然水体中广泛存在，大量小颗粒物(粒径<1 μm)可吸附、聚集水中多种污染物，从而形成新的复合污染，影响水生生态系统。已有研究表明，颗粒物粒径越小，传统饮用水处理工艺越难以去除，因此，其表面吸附的污染物也会随之残留在水体中，对饮用水安全产生影响。本研究对南京某自来水厂进水和出水中的颗粒物进行了测定和对比，并选用3种不同种类的模式生物包括发光菌(Photobacterium phosphoreum)、纤细裸藻(Euglena gracilis)和蚕豆(Vicia faba L.)，对饮用水源水中不同粒径颗粒物的毒性效应进行了测试。结果表明，传统水处理工艺对小颗粒物(粒径<1 μm)的去除效果并不理想；经传统水处理工艺处理后，出水仍显著抑制发光菌发光强度以及纤细裸藻生长，对蚕豆的污染指数较高，可能存在一定健康隐患；进水中颗粒物粒径<1 μm组对发光菌发光强度和纤细裸藻生长的抑制效应显著大于粒径≥1 μm颗粒物组，蚕豆根尖的污染指数也更高，毒性更强。本研究结果可为饮用水的生物毒性检测和水处理工艺改良提供参考。Abstract: Substantial numbers of small particles (particle size <1 μm) are widely present in the fresh water environments and may adsorb and aggregate the micro-pollutants from the water to form new composite pollutants, thus affecting the biological, chemical and physical states of the aquatic ecosystem. Studies have shown that the smaller the particle size is, the more difficult it is to remove the particulate matter through the traditional water treatment process. Meanwhile, the pollutants adsorbed on the surface of particles will also remain in the water, which may affect the safety of drinking water. In this study, the particulate matter in the water at inlet and outlet of drinking water treatment plant in Nanjing was measured and compared. Moreover, three different types of model organisms (bacteria Photobacterium phosphoreum, protist Euglena gracilis and plant Vicia faba L.) were applied to test the toxicological effects of the particulate matter in drinking water. Results showed that the traditional water treatment process had no significant effect on the removal of small particles (particle size <1 μm). After traditional water treatment process, the outlet water still presents potential health risk, since it significantly inhibited the luminescence intensity of P. phosphoreum and the growth of E. gracilis, while the pollution index of V. faba root tips was relatively high. The toxicity of water was correlated with the size of particles present in the water. Stronger inhibition on the luminescence intensity of P. phosphoreum and on the growth of E. gracilis accompanied with increased pollution index of the V. faba root tips was observed when particles in the inlet water were smaller. Our results provide a scientific basis for monitoring the toxicity of drinking water and improving drinking water treatment processes.
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Key words:
- particles /
- Euglena gracilis /
- Vicia faba L. /
- Photobacterium phosphoreum /
- drinking water
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