典型有机磷酸酯阻燃剂分析方法研究进展
Research Progress on Analysis Methods of Typical Organophosphate Esters (OPEs) Flame Retardants
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摘要: 有机磷酸酯(OPEs)是一类重要的有机磷阻燃剂，近些年逐渐取代了溴代阻燃剂，广泛应用于各行各业，也因此导致在多种环境介质中有较高的暴露量和潜在风险。已有研究表明，OPEs具有一定的毒理效应，对人体及其他生物均有潜在危害。本文综述了近年来国内外OPEs的检测技术，详述了不同环境介质OPEs的前处理方法。结果表明，目前固相萃取(SPE)和固相微萃取(SPME)仍是水样前处理的主要方法；对于固体样品，加速溶剂萃取/加压液相萃取(ASE/PLE)和微波辅助萃取(MAE)应用较多；虽然大气样品仍以固体吸附剂方式为主，但已向在线一体化方向发展；而生物样品的前处理方法多与水样和固体样品方法相似；但是对于复杂环境介质中OPEs样品的前处理较为困难，方法有待改善；气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)和气相色谱-氮磷检测器(GC-NPD)对弱极性和易挥发的OPEs分析效果好，而强极性和难挥发的OPEs多用液相色谱-质谱联用(LC-MS)；气相色谱-质谱串联(GC-MS/MS)、液相色谱-质谱串联(LC-MS/MS)和高效液相色谱-质谱串联(UPLC-MS/MS)等对多种复杂的环境介质中的OPEs均有较好的检测分析效果，但并未普及。最后，对OPEs分析测试方法的发展趋势提出了展望。Abstract: Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are an important class of organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs), which have gradually replaced brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in recent years, and been widely used in a wide range of industries, thus leading to the higher exposure and potential risks in various environment media. Previous studies showed that OPEs have certain toxicological effects and are potentially harmful to human body and other organisms. In this paper, the detecting techniques of OPEs in recent years were reviewed, and the pretreatment method of OPEs in different environmental media were described respectively in details. The results indicated that solid phase extraction (SPE) and solid phase micro extraction (SPME) were still the main methods for water sample analysis, and accelerated solvent extraction/pressurized liquid extraction (ASE/PLE) and microwave aided extraction (MAE) were mostly used in solid samples. Although for the atmosphere sample analysis solid adsorbents were mainly applied, the online integration for the air samples have been developed. The pretreatment methods of biological samples were similar to those of water and solid samples. However, it was difficult to analyze OPEs in complex environmental medium, so the methods needed to be improved. In addition, the weakly polar and volatile OPEs were analyzed well with GC-MS/GC-NPD, while the strongly polar and difficultly volatile OPEs were detected by LC-MS. The GC-MS/MS, LC-MS/MS and UPLC-MS/MS were all suitable for the detection and analysis of OPEs in various complex environmental media. Finally, we prospected the development trend of OPEs related analytical test methods in the future.
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Key words:
- OPEs /
- flame retardants /
- pretreatment methods /
- detection and analysis methods
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