摘要:
量子点是由Ⅱ～Ⅵ或Ⅲ～Ⅴ族元素组成的半导体纳米微晶体。因其独特的光电学特性，例如荧光强度高和稳定性好，被广泛应用于生命科学领域，用于荧光探针、药学研究、医学成像和生物芯片等。但是，由于应用较广的量子点成分通常含有重金属，研究者普遍认为量子点具有一定的毒性，因而通过毒理学研究来评价量子点的生物安全性对于量子点的生物学应用至关重要。代谢组学是利用分析化学方法来研究一个代谢组中小分子代谢相关物质的含量，以及内外因素导致其变化规律的学科。目前，越来越多的研究者将代谢组学应用于量子点毒性研究中，利用其生物标志物的特异性，为量子点毒性研究提供了新的思路和技术。应用代谢组学不但提高了纳米毒理学研究的完善度，更可以准确地研究某些以前在量子点低剂量暴露后无法发现的生化反应。本文重点阐述了代谢组学在量子点毒性研究中的应用进展及发展前景，为以后相关的研究方向和研究内容提供有价值的参考。
Abstract:
Quantum dots are semiconductor nanocrystals composed of Ⅱ～Ⅵ or Ⅲ～Ⅴ elements, which can be widely used in the field of life science, including fluorescence probe, pharmaceutical research, medical imaging and biochip, etc., because of their unique photoelectric characteristics, such as high fluorescence intensity and good stability. However, most commonly used quantum dots containing heavy metal make researchers believe that quantum dots are toxic. Therefore, it is very important to evaluate the biosafety of quantum dots through the research of toxicology. Metabolomics is a discipline that studies the content of metabolism-related small molecules and the roles of internal and external factors by using analytically chemical technology. At present, more and more researchers have applied metabolomics to study the toxicity of quantum dot evidenced by the specificity of some biomarkers, which provides a new idea and technology. The application of metabonomics not only improves the accuracy of nanotoxicological studies, but also accurately identifies several biochemical reactions undetectable after quantum dots exposure with a low dose. This review focused on the application progress and development prospect of metabolomics in the study of quantum dot toxicity, which can provide valuable references for the future relevant research.
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