摘要:
系统采集典型汞污染地区(铅锌冶炼、金矿冶炼和燃煤电厂)食物样品(大米、蔬菜和鱼肉)409个，测定其总汞含量以评估当地居民食物摄入汞暴露的健康风险。结果显示：铅锌冶炼地区大米总汞含量的几何均值为5.99 μg·kg-1(3.02~30.7 μg·kg-1)，仅有1个样品总汞含量超过我国大米汞限量标准(20 μg·kg-1)，蔬菜和鱼肉总汞含量分别为0.646~5.44 μg·kg-1和1.80~26.4 μg·kg-1，均未超过我国食品汞限量标准；金矿冶炼地区大米总汞含量的几何均值为4.46 μg·kg-1(3.13~8.67 μg·kg-1)，蔬菜和鱼肉总汞含量分别为0.760~7.83 μg·kg-1和1.59~21.9 μg·kg-1，所有食物均未超过我国食品汞限量标准；燃煤电厂地区大米总汞含量的几何均值为3.63 μg·kg-1(1.05~11.4 μg·kg-1)，蔬菜和鱼肉总汞含量分别为1.12~3.78 μg·kg-1和2.24~12.3 μg·kg-1，所有食物均未超过我国食品汞限量标准。铅锌冶炼、金矿冶炼和燃煤电厂3个地区居民通过食用食物(大米、鱼肉和蔬菜途径)总汞摄入量的均值分别为0.068、0.038和0.031 μg·d-1·kg-1，均未超出联合国粮农组织和世界卫生组织食品添加剂联合专家委员会(JECFA)推荐的人体安全总汞摄入量0.71 μg·d-1·kg-1；表明3个研究地区居民汞暴露的风险较低。大米汞摄入量占3个地区居民食物总汞摄入量的比例分别为77.2%、70.8%和71.4%，食用大米是当地居民汞暴露的主要途径。
关键词:
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总汞
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汞污染地区
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健康风险
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食物
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摄入量
Abstract:
To evaluate the risk of mercury (Hg) exposure through foods consumption for local residents, a total of 409 rice, vegetables, and fish samples were collected from Pb/Zn smelting, gold mining, and coal-fired power plants areas. Total Hg (THg) concentrations in rice samples collected from Pb/Zn smelting area averaged at 5.99 μg·kg-1 (geomean) with a range of 3.02 to 30.7 μg·kg-1 and 1 sample exceeded the national food standard for THg in rice (20 μg·kg-1). THg concentrations in vegetable and fish samples ranged from 0.646 to 5.44 μg·kg-1 and from 1.80 to 26.4 μg·kg-1, respectively, which did not exceed national food safety standard. THg concentrations in rice samples collected from gold mining area averaged at 4.46 μg·kg-1 (geomean) with a range of 3.13 to 8.67 μg·kg-1. THg concentrations in vegetable and fish samples ranged from 0.760 to 7.83 μg·kg-1 and from 1.59 to 21.9 μg·kg-1, respectively, which did not exceed national food safety standard. THg concentrations in rice samples collected from coal-fired power plants area averaged at 3.63 μg·kg-1 (geomean) with a range of 1.05 to 11.4 μg·kg-1. THg concentrations in vegetable and fish samples ranged from 1.12 to 3.78 μg·kg-1 and from 2.24 to 12.3 μg·kg-1, respectively, with no exceeding of national food safety standard. The averages of probable daily intakes (PDI) of THg through foods (rice, fish, and vegetables) consumption for local residents in Pb/Zn smelting, gold mining, and coal-fired power plants areas were 0.068, 0.038, and 0.031 μg·kg-1·d-1, respectively, which did not exceed the limit (0.71 μg·kg-1·d-1) recommended by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). Rice is the main route of THg exposure for local residents, which contributed to 77.2%, 70.8%, and 71.4% of the total PDI in three studied areas, respectively.
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