摘要:
随着我国工业的发展，在工业产值不断提升的同时，向环境中释放出的各类污染物也逐渐增加，其中包括多种金属纳米颗粒物。这些金属纳米颗粒物进入大气、水源及土壤中，累积到一定程度引起环境安全问题；进一步可被动植物所吸收，经过食物链富集和传递，造成直接或间接人体暴露，危害人体健康。环境纳米金属组学，研究的范畴主要涉及自然或人为因素产生的金属纳米颗粒在环境介质和生物有机体中的生物/化学行为、转化归趋，并且据此评价金属纳米颗粒物的环境安全性及其生物健康效应。随着对金属纳米颗粒环境效应研究的不断深入，对传统的研究方法提出了更多的挑战。同步辐射具有高亮度、高准直和宽频谱等特性，在金属元素分析方面具有无可比拟的优势。本文主要介绍了同步辐射技术，如同步辐射X射线荧光分析技术(SR-XRF)和同步辐射X射线吸收光谱技术(SR-XAS)等，在金属纳米颗粒物的环境行为及其生物健康效应研究中的应用；结合本实验室及国内外的一些研究工作，阐述了同步辐射技术应用于环境纳米金属组学研究领域所取得的一些新进展，以期为拓展同步辐射技术在环境金属纳米颗粒物分析的应用研究提供参考价值。
Abstract:
With the development of China's industry, the industrial output keeps rising, accompanied by various kinds of pollutants being released into the environment, including a variety of metal nanoparticles. Subsequently, these metal nanoparticles entered the atmosphere, water source and soil and accumulated to a certain extent, causing environmental safety problems. These metal nanoparticles can be further absorbed by organisms, and then transmit and accumulate through the food chain. Therefore, human beings may be directly or indirectly exposed to high levels of various metal nanoparticles, which poses health risks. Environment-nano-metallomics mainly focus on the studies of the bio-chemical behaviors as well as the transformation and translocation of the natural and artificial metal-nanoparticles released to the environmental medium, and on the assessment of environmental safety and bio-health effect associated with metal nano-particles. The deeper for the studies, the higher request for the analytical methods. Synchronous radiation (SR) has specific advantages for metal nano-particles analysis because of its characteristics of high brightness, high collimation and wide spectrum. This article mainly introduced the application of SR techniques, such as synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence analysis (SR-XRF) and synchrotron radiation X-ray absorption spectroscopy (SR-XAS), in the field of environment-nano-metallomics. We also summarized the research processes of the environment-nano-metallomics of studies from our lab and others. We expect to, through the present work, provide valuable information for expanding the application of SR on the studies of environment-nano-metallomics.
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