摘要:
大量缺乏毒性信息的化学品最终进入环境水体,对人类及生态生物产生潜在的危害与风险。提高化学品生物毒性测试与评估技术的通量和效率,是实现毒害化学物质环境与生态健康风险防控的关键。作为一种可以实现高通量测试的脊椎动物模型,斑马鱼胚胎测试在化学品的毒性评估中应用广泛。随着组学技术的发展,毒理基因组学可有效提取毒害化学品致毒过程中干扰生物学通路的信息。这些机制信息可用于对单物质或复合污染物生物毒性的筛选和预测。本文综述了不同斑马鱼胚胎测试技术在化学品毒性筛选评估管理与水环境复合污染毒性监测中的发展和应用,详细介绍了一种新型斑马鱼胚胎简化转录组学技术的方法流程和优势,并探讨了综合斑马鱼胚胎毒性测试、行为分析和组学等不同测试技术在化学品毒性测试、环境监测与评价中的应用前景。
Abstract:
Numerous synthetic chemicals have been produced for industrial, domestic or agricultural use without thorough toxicological assessment. These synthetic chemicals finally enter aquatic environment through anthropogenic activities and pose health risk to human and aquatic ecosystem. Globally an urgent demand has been recognized to develop new approaches that allow high throughput toxicity testing and risk assessment of chemicals. The zebrafish embryo model has been widely used in toxicological evaluation of chemicals; however, the current approaches generally lack of mechanism knowledge. With the advances of the omics technology, it is possible to uncover the molecular information on disrupted biological pathways in the process of chemicals-induced toxicity, in a high throughput manner. The molecular information can be used to screen and predict the biological toxicity of chemicals or chemical mixtures. Here, we reviewed the major advances of zebrafish embryo testing methodologies in chemical testing and risk assessment of chemical mixtures, which included high content screening, locomotor behavior test. Secondly, we introduced a novel zebrafish toxicogenomic approaches named Reduced Zebrafish Transcriptome (RZT) for high throughput chemical testing. The future application of an aggregate zebrafish toxicology testing methods, including RZT, in chemical toxicity evaluation and water environment monitoring was discussed.
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