摘要:
为评价新型杀菌剂氟吡菌胺对环境生物的毒性风险,避免其在使用过程中对我国特有的环境生物产生危害,测定了氟吡菌胺对意大利蜜蜂、日本鹌鹑、斑马鱼、家蚕、斜生栅藻、大型溞、玉米螟赤眼蜂、赤子爱胜蚓和黑斑蛙蝌蚪等9种代表性环境生物的急性毒性,并以斑马鱼为试材,研究了氟吡菌胺的生物富集性,即根据鱼类急性毒性结果LC
50(96 h)=1.489 mg·L
-1,设计生物富集试验水样浓度为LC
50的1/2、1/10和1/100,即0.745 mg·L
-1、0.149 mg·L
-1和0.0149 mg·L
-1,连续暴露8 d,采用液相色谱法测定3个浓度下氟吡菌胺在斑马鱼体内的富集量。结果表明,氟吡菌胺对斑马鱼、斜生栅藻和大型溞3种水生生物的急性毒性为中毒级,对黑斑蛙蝌蚪急性毒性为高毒级,其对蜜蜂、鸟类、家蚕、蚯蚓和天敌赤眼蜂等环境生物均为低毒或低风险;斑马鱼在0.745、0.149和0.0149 mg·L
-1的氟吡菌胺水溶液中暴露192 h时,生物富集系数BCF分别为33.65、26.39和193.25;根据化学农药环境安全评价试验准则评价标准,10
Abstract:
In order to evaluate the toxicity risk of fluopicolide to environmental organisms and reduce its risk to the special organisms in China, 9 types of environmental organisms were used to determine the acute toxicity. Tested organisms include Apis mellifera, Coturnix japonica, Brachydanio rerio, Bombyx mori, Scenedesmus obliquus, Daphnia magna, Trichogramma ostriniae, Eisenia foetida and Rana nigromaculata tadpoles. Bioaccumulation of fluopicolide was researched by using zebrafish as model organism. According to acute toxicity to fish (LC50 (96 h)=1.489 mg·L-1), biological enrichment experiments were carried out with three concentrations. In detail, 0.745 mg·L-1, 0.149 mg·L-1 and 0.0149 mg·L-1 were adopted, which equal 1/2, 1/10 and 1/100 of the LC50 (96 h) to zebrafish. After continuous exposure for 8 days, bioaccumulation was detected using liquid chromatography. The results indicated that fluopicolide had moderate toxicity to zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio), Scenedesmus obliquus and vDaphnia magna, whereas it showed high toxicity to tadpoles. Moreover, it exhibited low toxicity or low risk to other tested environmental organisms. After continuous exposure for 192 h, bioconcentration factors (BCF) were determined as 33.65, 26.39 and 193.25 for 0.745 mg·L-1, 0.149 mg·L-1 and 0.0149 mg·L-1, respectively. According to "Environmental Safety Evaluation Test Guidelines of Chemical Pesticides" in China, 10 < BCF ≤ 1 000, fluopicolide is moderate-enrichment pesticides.
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