摘要:
防治同一类病虫害的农药种类很多,在保证药效的前提下,选择对施药环境中其他生物安全的农药是非常必要的。通过毒性试验,比较了25 g·L-1多杀菌素悬浮剂、1.8%阿维菌素乳油和4.5%高效氯氰菊酯水乳剂对环境生物蜜蜂、家蚕、赤眼蜂、大型溞和斑马鱼的风险。结果表明,25 g·L-1多杀菌素悬浮剂对蜜蜂为高毒,对家蚕为剧毒,对赤眼蜂为高风险,对斑马鱼和大型溞为低毒;1.8%阿维菌素乳油对蜜蜂为高毒,对家蚕为剧毒,对赤眼蜂为高风险,对斑马鱼和大型溞为剧毒;4.5%高效氯氰菊酯水乳剂对蜜蜂为高毒,对家蚕为剧毒,对赤眼蜂为高风险,对斑马鱼和大型溞为剧毒。3种农药对家蚕、蜜蜂、赤眼蜂均为高风险,但与阿维菌素和高效氯氰菊酯相比多杀菌素对水生生物更安全。
Abstract:
There are many kinds of pesticides which are used to treat the same kind of diseases and pests. Under the premise of guaranteeing the effect, choosing pesticides which are safe to other organisms in the applied environment is equally necessary. Risks of 25 g·L-1 spinosad SC, 1.8% abamectin EC and 4.5% beta-cypermethrin EW on environmental organisms as bee, silkworm, trichogramma, Daphnia magna and zebrafish were compared through the toxicity test. The results showed that the toxicity of 25 g·L-1 spinosad SC to bee and trichogramma was high, and to silkworm was very high, while to Daphnia magna and zebrafish was low. The toxicity of 1.8% abamectin EC to bee and trichogramma was high, and to silkworm, Daphnia magna and zebrafish was very high. The toxicity of 4.5% beta-cypermethrin EW to bee and trichogramma was high, and to silkworm, Daphnia magna and zebrafish was very high. To the aquatic organisms, Spinosad was more safe than abamectin and beta-cypermethrin. The risks of 3 pesticides to bee, silkworm and trichogramma were high, while compared with abamectin and beta-cypermethrin, spinosad was safe to the aquatic organisms.