有害结局路径在农药风险评估及管理中应用的探讨
Discussion on Application of Adverse Outcome Pathway in Pesticides Risk Assessment and Management
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摘要: 我国农药使用量大、使用种类繁多，生鲜食品中存在农药复合污染情况。多种农药复合污染可能会导致联合毒性效应，国内外已有研究表明一些农药的二元、多元复合污染存在协同作用，为风险评估带来更大的挑战。有害结局路径（adverse outcome pathway，AOP）是一个概念框架，在与风险评估相关的生物学组织层面上，描述了有关分子起始事件与有害结局之间联系的现有知识。AOP的构建可以为农药暴露与人类某些疾病患病风险增加之间的联系提供机制信息，有望阐明农药潜在的毒性机制，从而促进筛查分析的施行。此外，AOP还可以为农药复合暴露的累积风险评估提供农药分组的依据。本文探讨了AOP在神经毒性、内分泌干扰、生殖发育毒性、遗传毒性和致癌性风险评估中的应用以及AOP在农药混合物风险评估和风险管理的可行性，最后对未来AOP的应用进行了展望。Abstract: A large quantity and variety of pesticides are widely used in China. Mixed pesticide pollution exist in fruits and vegetables. The mixed pollution of multiple pesticides may cause combined toxic effects. Studies at home and abroad have shown that the dual and multiple mixed pollution of some pesticides exert a synergistic effect, which brings greater challenges to risk assessment. Adverse outcome pathway (AOP) is a conceptual framework that describes the existing knowledge about the link between molecular initial events and adverse outcomes at the biological organization level related to risk assessment. The development of AOP can provide mechanism information between pesticides exposure and the increased risk of certain diseases in humans, which is expected to clarify the potential toxic mechanism of pesticides and promote the implementation of screening analysis. In addition, AOP can also provide a basis for pesticide grouping for the cumulative risk assessment of pesticides mixture exposure. This article discusses the application of AOP in the risk assessment of neurotoxicity, endocrine disruption, reproductive and developmental toxicity, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity and the feasibility of AOP in pesticides mixture risk assessment and risk management. Finally, the application of AOP in the future is prospected.
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Key words:
- pesticide /
- adverse outcome pathway /
- risk assessment /
- risk management
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