开封市城乡交错区农田土壤重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价
Heavy metal pollution and potential ecological risk assessment in agricultural soils located in the peri-urban area of Kaifeng City
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摘要: 用200 m×200 m网格布点法采集开封市城乡交错区表层土壤样品259个.采用ICP-MS测定了土壤重金属（Cd、Pb、Cu、Ni、Zn和Cr）含量，原子荧光法测定了土壤中Hg和As含量.分别采用污染负荷指数（PLI）和潜在生态风险指数（RI）评价土壤重金属污染程度和潜在生态风险水平，应用IDW空间插值法分析土壤重金属污染和潜在生态风险空间分布，并对重金属的来源进行讨论.结果表明：（1）开封市城乡交错区表层土壤8种重金属元素Cd、Hg、Pb、As、Cu、Ni、Zn和Cr的平均含量分别为1.43、0.37、40.77、7.13、33.92、25.28、180.23、49.00 mg·kg-1.（2）各样点8种元素平均PLI为1.93，总体上属于轻度污染.其中Cd和Hg为重度污染，Zn、Pb和Cu为轻度污染，Ni、Cr和As处于无污染状态.各样点8种元素平均RI为765.50，属于很强生态风险.其中Cd和Hg处于极强和很强风险，其余元素为轻微风险.（3） PLI的分布与RI的分布有些相似，高值区位于炼锌厂、化肥厂和化肥河（HF河）临近区域，低值区位于研究区东北部包括开封火电厂周边，总体呈由东北向西南递增的趋势.（4） Cd和Hg既是主要的污染因子又是主要的生态风险因子，其来源主要与炼锌厂和化肥厂的废水排放与污水灌溉、烟尘沉降、交通污染以及农业等人类活动有关.Abstract: Samples of topsoils(n=259)were collected from a Peri-urban area of Kaifeng city in Henan province using a 200 m×200 m grid method. Metal concentrations in the soils were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni and Cr and atomic fluorescence spectormetry (AFS) for As and Hg. Pollution load index(PLI)and potential ecological risk index(RI)were applied to evaluate pollution load and the potential ecological risk of the heavy metals in topsoils. Spatial distribution of PLI and RI were analyzed using IDW spatial interpolation, and their pollution sources were discussed.The results show that average contents of Cd, Hg, Pb, As, Cu, Ni, Zn and Cr in the topsoils of the Peri-urban area in Kaifeng City are 1.43, 0.37, 40.77, 7.13, 33.92, 25.28, 180.23 and 49.00 mg·kg-1, respectively. The average PLI of the eight elements is 1.93, which is light pollution in general. However, Cd and Hg were heavily polluted, and Zn, Pb and Cu were slightly polluted, while Ni, Cr and As had not been polluted. The average RI was 765.50, which belongs to the very strong ecological risk. Cd and Hg are especially strong, and the potential risk of the other elements are lower. PLI and RI show similar spatial distribution. Their high value area is located near chemical fertilizer plant, Zinc smelting plant and HF River, and the low value area is located in the northeastern part of the study area, including Kaifeng thermal power plant. Generally, PLI and RI presented an increasing trend from the northeast to the southwest. Cd and Hg are not only the main pollution factors, but also the primary ecological risk factors, which are related to wastewater discharge, sewage irrigation and dry-wet deposition from zinc smelting plants and chemical fertilizer plants, as well as traffic emission and agriculture activities.
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Key words:
- Kaifeng city /
- peri-urban areas /
- heavy metals /
- potential ecological risk /
- IDW interpolation
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