磺胺嘧啶和泰乐菌素对养猪废水硝化作用的差异性影响
Differential Effects of Sulfadiazine and Tylosin on Nitrification of Swine Wastewater
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摘要: 养猪废水中高残留抗生素会对废水处理系统中的微生物功能产生影响，而由微生物主导的硝化作用是养猪废水脱氮首要环节。为解析抗生素对养猪废水处理系统中硝化反应的影响机制，选取磺胺嘧啶(SDZ)和泰乐菌素(TYL)为代表性抗生素，对比研究了2种典型抗生素不同暴露水平下养猪废水好氧污泥体系氨氧化和硝化反应的变化规律，并结合扩增子测序分析了2种抗生素对硝化反应功能微生物的影响差异。结果表明，在环境浓度下(100～1 000 μg·L-1)SDZ和TYL对体系氨氧化速率均具有显著抑制作用且与抗生素暴露浓度正相关，1 000 μg·L-1浓度抗生素试验组中氨氮去除率最高分别下降72%和65%，同时显著降低了体系中微生物丰富度和多样性，抗生素作用时间的影响大于浓度的影响。相比TYL，SDZ对细菌和氨氧化功能菌群结构产生显著影响。SDZ主要显著抑制了亚硝化单胞菌目(Nitrosomonadales)、亚硝化单胞菌科(Nitrosomonadaceae)和亚硝化单胞菌属(Nitrosomonas)等硝化功能菌群。本研究结果为揭示抗生素的环境效应提供基础数据。Abstract: High residues of antibiotics in swine wastewater will affect the functions of microorganisms in the swine wastewater treatment systems, and the nitrification led by microorganisms is the first step of nitrogen removal in swine wastewater. In order to analyze the influence mechanism of antibiotics on nitrification in swine wastewater treatment system, sulfadiazine (SDZ) and tylosin (TYL) were selected as two representative types of antibiotics, and the influence of ammoxidation and nitrification in aerobic sludge system of swine wastewater under different exposure levels of the two antibiotics were compared. The effects of the two antibiotics on nitrifying microorganisms were analyzed by amplicons sequencing. The results showed that at environment-related concentrations (100～1 000 μg·L-1) of SDZ and TYL have significant inhibition effects on ammonia oxidation rate, which were positively correlated with antibiotic exposure concentration. The removal rates of ammonia nitrogen in the 1 000 μg·L-1 antibiotic groups decreased by 72% and 65%, respectively, and the microbial richness and diversity were significantly reduced, and the effect of exposure time seems higher than the concentrations of antibiotics. Compared to TYL, SDZ had a significant effect on the structure of bacteria and the functional bacteria of ammonia oxidation. Significant inhibition effects to the distribution of Nitrosomonadales, Nitrosomonadaceae and Nitrosomonas were found in the SDZ exposure groups. The results of this study provide useful data for revealing the environmental effects of antibiotics.
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Key words:
- sulfadiazine /
- tylosin /
- ammonia oxidation /
- nitration /
- ammonia oxidizing bacteria
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