镉对大型溞肠道结构及消化酶活力的影响
Effect of Cadmium on Intestinal Structure and Digestive Enzymes Activities of Daphnia magna
-
摘要: 镉(Cd2+)作为水环境中毒性较强的污染物之一，对水生动物各器官均造成了不良影响。为了了解镉对消化系统的毒性机理，研究了镉胁迫对大型溞(Daphnia magna)肠道组织及消化酶活力的影响。依据国家《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838—2002)中Ⅴ类水质的镉浓度标准限值的1倍、5倍和9倍设置3个镉浓度组(0.01、0.05、0.09 mg L−1)和1个对照组，分别处理24、48 h。结果表明，镉处理对大型溞肠道结构、淀粉酶、脂肪酶和胰蛋白酶活力均产生了影响。首先，随着镉浓度的升高，显微结构显示，大型溞肠道上皮细胞排列松散、不整齐，并出现“空泡化”；内侧纹状缘严重脱落。亚显微结构显示，肠道微绒毛出现断裂、溶解消失现象；线粒体发生肿胀、空泡化，嵴断裂或消失。其次，淀粉酶活力显著降低(P<0.01)，与镉浓度之间存在剂量-效应关系；脂肪酶活力在镉浓度为0.01～0.05 mg L−1时升高，在0.09 mg L−1时活力被抑制；胰蛋白酶在镉处理24 h浓度为0.01 mg L−1时显著高于对照组(P<0.05)，在镉处理48 h时，各浓度组均显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。镉对大型溞消化酶活力的最低可观察效应浓度(LOEC)为0.01 mg L−1。大型溞作为常用的毒理学监测动物，实验结果将为含镉废水排放标准的完善提供理论依据。Abstract: Cadmium (Cd), one of the most toxic environmental pollutants in water, affects various organs of aquatic animals. In order to understand the toxicity mechanism of Cd on the digestive system, we investigated the intestinal structure and the digestive enzyme activities of water fleas, Daphnia magna, after its exposure to different concentrations of Cd (0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.09 mg L−1) for 24 h and 48 h. The Cd concentrations were set up according to the limit in the National Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard (GB3838—2002). Intestinal HE staining results showed that the intestinal epithelial cells were arranged loosely, irregularly and vacuolated, and the striate margin was severely detached in the Cd-exposure groups with the heaviest effect appearing in the Cd-exposure group of highest concentration. By transmission electron microscope, it was observed that in Cd-exposure groups intestinal microvilli was broken, dissolved and disappeared, and the mitochondria appeared swelled and vacuolated, and mitochondrial mites were furtherly ruptured and disappeared while the control group is normal. For digestive enzyme activities, it was found that amylase activity was significantly decreased (P<0.01), compared with that of the control group, and dose-dependent response was observed. Lipase activity was increased at 0.01～0.05 mg L−1 Cd and inhibited at 0.09 mg L−1 Cd. Trypsin activity was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05) at 0.01 mg L−1 after 24 h, then significantly decreased at three Cd concentration groups after 48 h (P<0.01). Therefore, it is concluded that the value of lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) is 0.01 mg L−1 concerning the selected digestive enzyme activities. The results also demonstrated that Daphnia magna is a good organism to determine the limit of Cd concentration for industrial waste water discharge standard.
-
Key words:
- cadmium /
- Daphnia magna /
- gut /
- digestive enzymes
-
-
Han D, Currell M J, Cao G L. Deep challenges for China's war on water pollution[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2016, 218:1222-1233 朱青青,王中良.中国主要水系沉积物中重金属分布特征及来源分析[J].地球与环境, 2012, 40(3):305-313 Zhu Q Q, Wang Z L. Distribution characteristics and source analysis of heavy metals in sediment of main river systems in China[J]. Earth and Environment, 2012, 40(3):305-313(in Chinese)
丁之勇,蒲佳,吉力力·阿不都外力.中国主要湖泊表层沉积物重金属污染特征与评价分析[J].环境工程, 2017, 35(6):136-141 Ding Z Y, Pu J, Jilili A. Heavy metal contamination characteristics and its assessment in surface of major lakes in Chnia[J]. Environmental Engineering, 2017, 35(6):136-141(in Chinese)
Yao X, Ma F, Li Y, et al. Effect of water cadmium concentration and water level on the growth performance of Salix triandroides cuttings[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2018, 25(8):8002-8011 Zhu Q L, Guo S N, Yuan S S, et al. Heat indicators of oxidative stress, inflammation and metal transport show dependence of cadmium pollution history in the liver of female zebrafish[J]. Aquatic Toxicology, 2017, 191:1-9 Zhai Q, Tian F, Zhao J, et al. Oral administration of probiotics inhibits absorption of the heavy metal cadmium by protecting the intestinal barrier[J]. Applied Environmental Microbiology, 2016, 82(14):4429-4440 楼哲丰,曹琼洁,冯钰淇,等.镉对果蝇肠道上皮细胞损伤和调控中肠干细胞增殖、分化机制的研究[J].中国细胞生物学学报, 2013, 35(5):602-608 Lou Z F, Cao Q J, Feng Y Q, et al. Research on effects of cadmium induced intestinal epithelial cell injury and regulation on intestinal stem cells regeneration and differentiation in Drosophila mid-gut[J]. Chinese Journal of Cell Biology, 2013, 35(5):602-608(in Chinese)
Xie D, Li Y, Liu Z, et al. Inhibitory effect of cadmium exposure on digestive activity, antioxidant capacity and immune defense in the intestine of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)[J]. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 2019, 222:65-73 Wu H, Xuan R, Li Y, et al. Effects of cadmium exposure on digestive enzymes, antioxidant enzymes, and lipid peroxidation in the freshwater crab Sinopotamon henanense[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 2013, 20(6):4085-4092 Borase H P, Patil S V, Singhal R S. Effect of size Moina macrocopa as a non-target aquatic organism for assessment of ecotoxicity of silver nanoparticles[J]. Chemosphere, 2019, 219:713-723 刘国光,徐海娟,王莉霞,等.环境有机污染物对蚤的毒性研究[J].环境与健康杂志, 2003, 20(6):369-371 Liu G G, Xu H J, Wang L X, et al. Study on toxicity of organic pollutants to Daphnia[J]. Journal of Environment and Health, 2003, 20(6):369-371(in Chinese)
Liu Y, Yan Z, Zhang L, et al. Food up-take and reproduction performance of Daphnia magna under the exposure of bisphenols[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2019, 170:47-54 国家环境保护总局. GB/TI3266-91水质物质对溞类(大型溞)急性毒性测定方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社, 1991 State Environmental Protection Administration. Water quality-Determination of the acute toxicity of substance to Daphnia (Daphnia magna Straus)[S]. Beijing:Standards Press of China, 1991(in Chinese) 国家环境保护总局. GB3838-2002地表水环境质量标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社, 2002 State Environmental Protection Administration. Environmental quality standard for surface water[S]. Beijing:Standards Press of China, 2002(in Chinese) Barata C, Markich S J, Baird D J, et al. The relative importance of water and food as cadmium sources to Daphnia magna Straus[J]. Aquatic Toxicology, 2002, 61(3):143-154 武玉珑.苯酚对多刺裸腹溞消化机能的影响[D].太原:山西大学, 2011:1-63 Wu Y L. Effects of phenol on digestive function of Moina macrocopa[D]. Taiyuan:Shanxi University, 2011:1 -63(in Chinese)
黄芳,刘文惠,吴轶,等.绿原酸缓解镉暴露致大鼠肠道损伤[J].食品科学, 2018, 39(17):187-191 Huang F, Liu W H, Wu Y, et al. Chlorogenic acid attenuates cadmium-induced intestinal injury in rats[J]. Food Science, 2018, 39(17):187-191(in Chinese)
吴波.参环毛蚓对重金属镉离子的生理响应及其变化规律的研究[D].广州:广州中医药大学, 2010:1-103 Wu B. The study on physiology response and change regularity of heavy metal cadmium ion in Pheretima asperillum[D]. Guangzhou:Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 2010:1 -103(in Chinese)
徐晓倩,翁显龙,赵云龙,等.镉对隆线溞的毒性效应及对其肠壁细胞超微结构的影响[J].复旦学报:自然科学版, 2009, 48(3):375-380 Xu X Q, Weng X L, Zhao Y L, et al. Effects of waterborne cadmium on development, reproduction and ultrstructure of Daphnia carinata[J]. Journal of Fudan University:Natural Science, 2009, 48(3):375-380(in Chinese)
Soukupova K, Rudolf E. Suppression of proliferation and activation of cell death by sodium selenite involves mitochondria and lysosomes in chemoresistant bladder cancer cells[J]. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 2019, 52:58-67 马怡然,尚德淑,方文刚,等.细胞紧密连接的结构组成及其调控的研究进展[J].解剖科学进展, 2010, 16(1):71-74 Ma Y R, Shang D S, Fang W G, et al. The progress of cell tight junction structure and regulation[J]. Progress of Anatomical Sciences, 2010, 16(1):71-74(in Chinese)
孙虹霞,夏嫱,唐文成,等. Ni2+胁迫对斜纹夜蛾幼虫血淋巴中能量物质水平的适应性调节[J].昆虫学报, 2010, 53(4):361-368 Sun H X, Xia Q, Tang W C, et al. Regulation of energy reserves in the hemolymph of Spodoptera litura Fabricius larvae under nickel stress[J]. Acta Entomologica Sinica, 2010, 53(4):361-368(in Chinese)
Puerari R C, Da Costa C H, Vicentini D S, et al. Synthesis, characterization and toxicological evaluation of Cr2O3 nanoparticles using Daphnia magna and Aliivibrio fischeri[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2016, 128:36-43 郭鹄飞.镉对大型溞摄食生长繁殖的影响及机制的初探[D].太原:山西大学, 2018:8-17 Guo H F. Effects of cadmium on food-intake, growth, reproduction and energy metabolism in the water flea, Daphnia magna (Cladocera)[D]. Taiyuan:Shanxi University, 2018:8 -17(in Chinese)
Huo J, Dong A, Wang Y, et al. Cadmium induces histopathological injuries and ultrastructural changes in the liver of freshwater turtle (Chinemys reevesii)[J]. Chemosphere, 2017, 186:459-465 Wu H, Xuan R, Li Y, et al. Biochemical, histological and ultrastructural alterations of the alimentary system in the freshwater crab Sinopotamon henanense subchronically exposed to cadmium[J]. Ecotoxicology, 2014, 23(1):65-75 Ymi H, Turies C, Palluel O, et al. Effects of chronic exposure to cadmium and temperature, alone or combined, on the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus):Interest of digestive enzymes as biomarkers[J]. Aquatic Toxicology, 2018, 199:252-262 Anushia C, Sampath Kumar P, Karthikeyan P. Biochemical changes induced in Tilapia mossambicus during copper and cadmium acute intoxication[J]. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences, 2012, 2(3):38-52 王海英.大菱鲆主要消化酶——蛋白酶、脂肪酶、淀粉酶的研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学, 2004:47-51 Wang H Y. Digestive enzyme in turbot Scophthalmus maximus L.[D]. Qingdao:Ocean University of China, 2004:47 -51(in Chinese)
崔峰.镉在鱼虾体内的富集及其对生长、消化酶活性的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学, 2009:11-23 Cui F. Study on cadmium enrichment in aquatic animals and its effect on the growth, digestive enzyme activities[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University, 2009:11 -23(in Chinese)
陈肖肖.重金属Cd和Cu对泥蚶(Tegillarca granosa)的毒理学效应[D].上海:华东理工大学, 2013:1-11 Chen X X. Effects of heavy metal Cd and Cu on toxicity of Tegillarca granosa[D]. Shanghai:East China University of Science and Technology, 2013:1 -11(in Chinese)
-
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 1808
- HTML全文浏览数: 1808
- PDF下载数: 66
- 施引文献: 0
下载:
