摘要:
邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)是一类内分泌干扰物，作为塑料添加剂被大量生产和使用，其环境污染和风险评价已成为当今关注的焦点。对中国各地区88个室内灰尘样品和86个室外灰尘样品进行了调查，发现邻苯二甲酸酯在两类灰尘中广泛存在，10种邻苯二甲酸酯的总浓度分别为9.60～4 130 μg·g-1 dw和0.102～1 430 μg·g-1 dw，且室内灰尘中邻苯二甲酸酯含量高于室外灰尘。研究还表明，不同地区的邻苯二甲酸酯含量差异很大，但邻苯二甲酸(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DnBP)和邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(DiBP)在各地区都是主要组分，三者总量占总PAEs的95%以上。估算了成人和儿童每天通过灰尘摄入DEHP、DnBP、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)的总量分别为5.32×10-2～1.81、2.21×10-2～0.595、1.90×10-4～5.62×10-3 μg·kg-1 bw·d-1和1.20～8.32、0.704～3.47、4.48×10-3～2.43×10-2 μg·kg-1 bw·d-1；灰尘中DEHP对成人和儿童的致癌风险(R)分别为7.45×10-7～2.53×10-6和1.68×10-5～1.16×10-4。上述研究结果为进一步评价该类物质健康风险提供科学依据和基础资料。
Abstract:
Phthalate esters (PAEs) are known as endocrine disruptors and have been widely produced and used, and hence the environment pollution and risk assessment of PAEs has become a hot topic currently. In this study, a total of 88 indoor dust and 86 outdoor dust samples were investigated in China. PAEs were widely found in the two types of dust samples, and total concentrations of the 10 PAEs were 9.60~4 130 μg·g-1 dw and 0.102~1 430 μg·g-1 dw, respectively. The levels of PAEs in indoor dust were higher than those in outdoor dust. The concentrations of PAEs varied greatly in different areas; however, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) and di-iso-butyl phthalate (DiBP) were always the main analogues in various areas, and the sum of the three accounts for over 95% of the total PAEs. Average daily dose (ADD) was estimated via indoor and outdoor dust; and the ADDs of DEHP, DnBP, diethyl phthalate (DEP) for adults and children were 5.32×10-2~1.81, 2.21×10-2~0.595, 1.90×10-4~5.62×10-3 μg·kg-1 bw·d-1 and 1.20~8.32, 0.704~3.47, 4.48×10-3~2.43×10-2 μg·kg-1 bw·d-1, respectively. The calculated cancer risks (R) caused by dust DEHP exposure for adults and children were 7.45×10-7~2.53×10-6 and 1.68×10-5~1.16×10-4, respectively. These results have provided basic data for further evaluation on health risk of PAEs.
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